Of the Jayhawkers who had burned and murdered their way through Missouri without ever confronting the Confederate guerrillas, Dr. Charles Jennison was court-martialled in 1865 for looting western Missouri, while Jim Lane, who had narrowly avoided death in the Lawrence raid, shot himself in the head a year after the war ended. Two days later, Terrell returned, having concluded that the wounded man was Quantrill. William Clarke Quantrill (1837-65) earned infamy during the Civil War for his atrocities against citizens and guerrilla warfare against Union soldiers. William Quantrill first came to Kansas in 1859 at age 22. All the passengers were robbed and some murdered except for 25 unarmed Union soldiers. Todd was born in Montreal and was probably the only Canadian amongst the guerrillas. Scott was a personal friend of Quantrells [sic]. The letters Scott wrote to Langford were dated in the 1890s, as Scott collected facts for a book on Quantrill. At the other end of the clearing were Andersons men, waiting by their horses. 4. It was the first public sign of the combination of vicious anger and callous regard for life that would characterize his short career as a guerrilla leader. This raid was the culmination of an . Kansas Raiders 1950. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Quantrill's most brutal attack came in 1863 when he led 450 guerillas on a raid on the Union stronghold of Lawrence, Kansas. On May 10, Quantrill and his band were caught in a Union ambush at Wakefield Farm. Largely relieved from having to pursue guerrillas by Prices choice to attach them to his force, Union troops were able to concentrate in a force much stronger than Prices at Westport. Before they could load again, Andersons men were among them with pistols blazing as scores of guerrillas poured out of the woods. He then moved to Oregon, acting as a cowpuncher and drover, before he reached British Columbia in the 1890s, where he worked in logging, trapping and finally as a mine caretaker at Coal Harbour at Quatsino. With the war over, Clements began hanging out in Lexington saloons with Dave Poole, who was now robbing banks. Anderson was beside himself with anger and now became dedicated to a single purpose; the killing of as many Union soldiers as possible. By some means apparently unknown to Langford, Quantrills mother later tracked down Langfords location and sent several letters to him, inquiring among other things if he had any relics of Quantrills body still in his possession, the Ledger reported. William Clarke Quantrill and his Biographers", This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 23:19. William Clarke Quantrill was a leader of Confederate guerrilla forces during the American Civil War. Quantrill's last battle occurred in a pasture and wooded draw and barn lot near Taylorville in Spencer County, Kentucky, on May 10, 1865. It was Mayes who taught Quantrill guerrilla warfare tactics, the ambush fighting tactics used by the Native Americans, as well as camouflage and the tactic of the sneak attack. As Quantrills band maneuvered through Kentucky dressed in federal uniforms, the men passed themselves off openly as members of the nonexistent US 4th Missouri Cavalry. Quantrill, in the company of Mayes and the Cherokee Nations, joined with General Sterling Price and fought at the Battle of Wilson's Creek and Lexington in August and September 1861. Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant on April 9, and General Joseph E. Johnston surrendered most of the rest of the Confederate Army to General Sherman on April 26. Quantrill's men believed that the collapse was deliberate, which fanned them into a fury. A further order forcing the conscription of all able-bodied men into Union militias convinced many young men in Missouri to join the guerrillas instead. On that day, Sharp was found severely beaten and died several hours later without giving information about his attackers. After the raid on Lawrence, during the winter of 1863- 1864, Quantrill lost control of his guerrilla forces. He died of wounds in June. He mounted his horse and got partway down the street before falling prey to sharpshooters who lined the rooftops to prevent his escape. After what became known as the First Battle of Independence, the Confederate government decided to secure the loyalty of Quantrill by issuing him a "formal army commission" to the rank of captain. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. During the caravan, Quantrill was heavily guarded but treated with respect. Clements was soon back to taking scalps and leading a band of as many as 100 men in a rampage of murder, arson, and robbery even as the Confederate Army collapsed elsewhere. That eyewitness to history was a young soldier named John Langford. Biographies The James Brothers, needless to say, used the skills they acquired as bushwackers to become two of the most famous American outlaws in the post-war period. Trending. Quantrill's mother had to turn her home into a boarding house in order to survive. He is depicted in Robert Schenkkan's series of one-act plays, Quantrill's Lawrence Massacre of 1863 is depicted in. Most of the early settlers who established homes, farms, and businesses in the northwest Missouri frontier were of Southern origin, hailing from states such as Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia. [14], On October 5, 1862, Quantrill attacked and destroyed Shawneetown, Kansas, and Bill Anderson soon revisited and torched the rebuilding settlement. Rita Skeeter used a long, acid green Quick-Quotes Quill when interviewing people for the Daily Prophet. Many books and articles have attempted to tell an accurate story of Quantrills last battle, but only someone who was present would have the final information. After a last winter in Texas, Archie Clements, Dave Poole, and Jim Anderson headed back up to Missouri. John Langford died at his home, six miles south of Albany, at 7 oclock last Sat. Many were illiterate farm boys who followed whoever could provide them with revenge, adventure, whiskey, and loot. The activities of the Jayhawkers were even more counter-productive Union General Henry Halleck complained that their outrages had done as much for the enemy in Missouri as could be done by 20,000 Confederate troops. Quantrill received a field commission as captain in the Confederate army in August 1862 under the Confederate Partisan Act, but he often referred to himself as Colonel. Unlike Quantrill, his band of raiders never was sanctioned by the Confederate government. The surviving guerrillas might even have judged their campaign as a success in their own terms: Was bloody revenge dealt out to the Union troops and their supporters? Noland was one of five known Black Americans who rode with the Missouri bushwhackers. Clements, however, returned to town to have a drink with a friend. On the bloody August day when Quantrills renegade band of more than four hundred guerrillas attacked Lawrence, which was then known as the center of antislavery sentiment, many of the bushwhackers allied with or under the leadership of Quantrill would not participate in the carnage. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. For brave men there's never a bolt to his door. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Many witnesses described the guerrillas charging with reins between their teeth to enable revolver fire with both hands, but Frank James dismissed this in 1897 as dime novel stuff It was as important to hold the horse as it was to hold the pistol., The bushwackers never missed a chance to enrich themselves through the war, robbing stagecoaches, trains, shops, storehouses, and riverboats alike. At the time of his death, she was 17. He returned to the US and worked as a cattleman in Fort Worth, Texas. While it is possible that at least half the Missouri population were against secession, repressive measures by out-of-state Union forces turned many into reluctant supporters of the Southern cause. He was killed either by Dave Pooles brother William or by guerrilla George Shepherd, who was reported to have cut Jim Andersons throat on the courthouse lawn in Sherman Texas. Following the old adage, It takes a thief to catch a thief, federal authorities commissioned Union Captain Edwin Terrell, a leader of federal guerrillas in Spencer County, Kentucky, to hunt down the handful of men still in Quantrills band. Also notable is that the group included the young Jesse James and his older brother Frank James. The ferocity and brutality of a conflict waged between neighbors and families precluded the possibility of an easy transition into a post-war peace. On Christmas Eve, 1895, a shooting occurred in a North St. Louis saloon that was destined to find a prominentand permanentplace in American oral tradition. The local dentist, who doubled as the town photographer, was summoned to take two shots of Andersons corpse propped up in a chair. At dawn on August 21, 1863, Quantrill and his guerrillas rode into Lawrence, where they burned much of the town and killed between 160 and 190 men and boys. With perhaps a bit of trepidation still in his heart, he delayed releasing much information locally except to family and close friends. [27] The historian Matthew Christopher Hulbert argues that Quantrill "ruled the bushwhacker pantheon" established by ex-Confederate officer and propagandist John Newman Edwards in the 1870s to provide Missouri with its own "irregular Lost Cause". The guerrilla leader was carried to Wakefields farmhouse, paralyzed below the arms from gunshot damage to the spine. Kansas Raiders is a 1950 Technicolor Western film distributed by Universal-International, directed by Ray Enright, and stars Audie Murphy, Brian Donlevy, Marguerite Chapman, and Scott Brady. These men went on to epitomize the lawlessness of the Wild West and their post-war violence has been both glorified and villainized in popular culture ever since. A common trait of the guerillas was a distaste for discipline. They were replaced in January 1864 by the Second Colorado Cavalry which, unlike the Jayhawkers, were eager to come to grips with the guerrillas rather than just civilians. Work diligently to the point of discomfort, and without interruption or complaint. Instant PDF downloads. The Sharps were large bore single shot rifles with a reputation for long-range accuracy. But public opinion had turned against the raiders. William Quantrill's raid on the Free-State town of Lawrence, Kansas (also known as the Lawrence Massacre) was a defining moment in the border conflict. Anderson simply replied: Oh, string him up. "[8], In 1861, Quantrill went to Texas with the slaveholder Marcus Gill. William Clarke Quantrill (July 31, 1837 - June 6, 1865) was an early American outlaw and Confederate guerrilla cavalry leader during the American Civil War . This poster (Generale Quantrill: The Human Beast) is actually for an American movie called Dark Command, with Walter Pigeon playing William Cantrell. The films Italian distributors apparently felt Quantrill was more marketable, restoring his real name, making it the title, and promoting him to General in the process. Authors; But Quantrill's activities indicated that he fought for plunder and personal revenge rather . In the early 1990s, the Missouri division of the Sons of Confederate Veterans convinced the Kansas State Historical Society to negotiate with authorities in Dover, which led to three arm bones, two leg bones, and some hair, all of which were allegedly Quantrill's, being re-buried in 1992 at the Old Confederate Veteran's Home Cemetery in Higginsville, Missouri. A man of action, it was said that Quantrill planned, but Todd executed. Hundreds of people lined up to see it. Jennisons Jayhawkers later became enraged when they saw his grave in Richmond covered in flowers. In May 1863 the brothers discovered their family home was nothing more than charred ruins, courtesy of the Kansas Jayhawkers. Sharp claimed that he had survived the ambush in Kentucky but received a bayonet and bullet wound, making his way to South America where he lived some years in Chile. A low-level conflict had already been raging in the Missouri-Kansas borderlands in the years preceding the outbreak of the Civil War. The best known of the leaders of the Missouri bushwhackers, also called pro-Confederate partisan rangers, was William Clarke Quantrill (often spelled Quantrell in period newspapers and writings). "I have lapped filthy water from a hoofprint and was glad to have it," he brags, and Rooster makes fun of him for the comment, saying that all Texans claim they've drunk from a hoofprint. Almost two years later, Terrell, the Union renegade, was shot by the town marshal of Shelbyville, after fleeing from prosecution for the murder of an Illinois stock merchant. The way the content is organized. Both Baxter and his 16-year-old brother-in-law were wounded by the Andersons, who then locked them in the cellar of their house and set it on fire. William Quantrill The nonfictional leader of a pro-Confederate group of men who tore through Kansas and Missouri fighting Union soldiers and sympathizers. [citation needed] Soon thereafter, he signed on as a teamster with the U.S. Army expedition heading to Salt Lake City, Utah in the spring of 1858. In an article published Friday, October 11, 1907, the newspaper states, Here in Gentry County, some five or six miles from Albany, resides a man in the person of John Langford who has the distinction of having shot the guerrilla. The Navy Colt was lighter than the Army Colt and thus preferable to men trying to carry as many as three to six at a time, which provided them with enormous firepower in battle. Many guerrilla leaders, like Quantrill, Anderson, and Todd, did not survive the war to give their own views and recorded nothing of consequence when alive (other than Andersons three letters to newspapers). Quantrill traveled back to Utah and then to Colorado but returned in less than a year to Lawrence, Kansas, in 1859[6] where he taught at a schoolhouse until it closed in 1860. For instance, he wrote to his good friend W.W. Scott in January 1858 that the Lecompton Constitution was a "swindle" and that James H. Lane, a Northern sympathizer, was "as good a man as we have here". One was led by his lieutenant, "Bloody Bill" Anderson, and Quantrill joined it briefly in the fall of 1864 during a fight north of the Missouri River. Both Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his Secretary of War Judah Benjamin were opposed to the existence of guerrilla bands outside government control, but with ever-larger parts of the Confederacy passing beyond the control of regular forces, the guerrillas presented a lone if distasteful alternative. Chapter 3 Quotes I said, "I have hopes that the marshals will get him soon. Was there plenty of whiskey and hootin and hollerin and shootin things up? Biographies When the command returned to west-central Missouri in the spring of 1864, the final break occurred. Joseph Orr is one of Missouris premier artists with a national reputation as an acrylic landscape painter. In the Kansas City region, the name is largely associated with William Clarke Quantrill, the infamous Missouri guerrilla who fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War and led a violent raid on the Unionist town of Lawrence, Kansas, on August 21, 1863.. Citizens on the front lines of the bloody Missouri-Kansas border war viewed Quantrill very differently. Langford described the shooting in few words: I shot him in the left shoulderjust back of the shoulder bladethe ball ranging downward and lodging in the right groin. Quantrill was reportedly shot a second time as he fell, the bullet cutting off the trigger finger of his right hand. A boyhood friend of Quantrill, the newspaper reporter William W. Scott, claimed to have dug up the Louisville grave in 1887 and to have brought Quantrill's remains back to Dover at the request of Quantrill's mother. The rebel army was driven south into Arkansas and would not return to Missouri for over two years. Happy to read and share the best inspirational William Clarke Quantrill quotes, sayings and quotations on Wise Famous Quotes. If the South had won the war there would have been statues erected in his memory and countless mothers would have named their children after him. In the spring of 1865, now leading only a few dozen pro-confederates, Quantrill staged a series of raids in western Kentucky. Chapter 7 Quotes A squadron of around 425-450 guerrilla fighters prepared to cross the border into . Among the dead was Josephine Anderson, the sister of one of Quantrill's key guerrilla allies, Bill Anderson. But devotion to a cause and carrying out orders were not to Quantrills liking. Refine any search. Bobby Clarke 8 Likes 1 - 2 - 3 To be a man's own fool is bad enough, but the vain man is everybody's. William Penn To be like Christ is to be a Christian. In one case, a German was found at the last moment before his hanging to actually be a Confederate supporter. Preservation He was on a good horse, quick to gain on the footman. Dave Poole was one of Quantrills lieutenants and seems to have thought of himself as quite witty. Bills grey mare was found adorned with Union scalps. Why, he sent me money all the time he was away from home, even when he was a Confederate soldier. This included Henry Torrey and Harmon Beeson, two local men hoping to build a large farm for their families out west. Andersons command rode into General Prices camp on October 11. After killing their captives execution-style but shots to the head, the guerrillas brought out their Bowie knives and tomahawks and spent the coming hours in what a witness described as a carnival of blood, dismembering, scalping, mutilating and decapitating their near-naked victims. He served the Confederacy and perhaps hoped to secure high rank and recognition from its leaders. After the Civil War, he drifted to Illinois and on to southwest Iowa. When Quantrill executed one of Andersons men for robbing and murdering a farmer, that was the last straw for Bloody Bill. The next year, their first child was born and they named her Katie Scarlett, Margaret Mitchell We endure hard times by the power of God. The very nature of warfare in Civil War Missouri, often unseen and unrecorded, has rendered it difficult to produce a definitive account of the guerrillas despite the best efforts of many highly competent historians. He orchestrated a raid into Missouri to liberate some slaves. His parents were Thomas Henry and Caroline Cornelia (Clarke) Quantrill. Did they enjoy the fear they saw in their victims eyes? Barton, OS: Three Years with Quantrill: A True Story Told by His Scout, John McCorkle, Norman, Oklahoma, 1914, Beilein, Joseph M. Jr.: Bushwackers: Guerrilla Warfare, Manhood, and the Household in Civil War Missouri, Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio, 2016, Brownlee, Richard S.: Gray Ghosts of the Confederacy: Guerrilla Warfare in the West, 1861-1865, Castel, Albert: William Clarke Quantrill: His Life and Times, New York, 1962, Castel, Albert: General Sterling Price and the Civil War in the West, Baton Rouge, 1968. [26], During the war, Quantrill met the 13-year-old Sarah Katherine King at her parents' farm in Blue Springs, Missouri. Some, like Lil Archie Clements, were unable to obtain favorable conditions and thus remained underarms. [18] When Quantrill's men rode out at 9 a.m., most of Lawrence's buildings were burning, including all but two businesses. In their initial formation, Quantrill's Raiders were nothing more than a collection of pro-Confederate men who fought Union sympathizers in Missouri and Kansas, both of which were (more or less) under control of the Union at the time. At least three of the raiders died during the same assault at which Quantrill was mortally wounded. He died from his wounds on June 6, 1865, at the age of 27. Later in 1862, John Jarrett, John Brown (not to be confused with the abolitionist John Brown), Cole Younger, William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson, and the James brothers would join Quantrill's army. Facebook Status Intelligence Action Advice Philosophy Religion Fashion Doing Your Best Right Art Self-knowledge Solution Literature Losing Self-esteem Possibility Happiness Questioning In a twisted set of circumstances, some playing out in more recent years, the guerrilla leaders bones have been scattered in restless interment at Dover, Ohio; Louisville, Kentucky; and the old Confederate Soldiers Home cemetery in Higginsville, Missouri.

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